InfraLoka Academy
Kamus AI
The AI terms our lessons use, in plain words, with the lessons where each one comes up.
126 terms
Term of the day
Personal dataData about a person who is identified or can be identified.
A
- Academic integrity
Honesty about who did what in learning work, including the parts AI helped with.
- Acceptance criteria
Checkable conditions for calling a feature done.
- Agent hook
Your own code that runs automatically at set points in an agent loop, for example before a tool is used.
- Agent loop
An agent's repeating cycle: the model picks a step, the app runs a tool, the result goes back to the model.
- Agent skill
A packaged procedure (instructions, examples, scripts) that an agent loads only when the task fits.
- AI agent
A model that can use tools and take several steps on its own to reach a goal.
- Allowlist
A closed list of actions or commands that may run; anything not listed is refused.
- Anonymisation
Processing data until there is no reasonable way left to identify the person.
- API
The door a service provides so other programs can call it under clear rules.
- API key
A secret that proves a program may use a service, usually tied to a bill.
- Assessment rubric
A list of criteria and performance levels used to assess work consistently.
- Audit log
A lasting record of who did what, when, to which data.
- Automated decision
A decision about a person taken by a system without meaningful human involvement.
- Automated test
A small piece of code that runs part of an app and checks the result itself, every time it runs.
- Automation
Making repeated work run by itself without a person handling it each time.
B
C
- Cache
A temporary copy of a result, kept so the next request is faster.
- Chat and AI assistants
A conversation with AI through an assistant app: you write, the AI answers, and the conversation can go on.
- Checklist
A list of steps or conditions ticked off one by one before work counts as done.
- Children's data
Personal data about a child; the PDP Law classes it as specific personal data.
- Code review
Reading a code change before it is merged, to catch mistakes, gaps and unproven claims.
- Coding agent
An AI agent that reads, writes and runs code in a repository, beyond suggesting snippets.
- Commit
One set of changes saved to the git history, with a message that explains why.
- Compaction
Summarising a long conversation to fit the context window, at the risk of losing important details.
- Connector
A link that gives an AI app access to another service, such as email, a calendar or file storage.
- Container image
A ready-to-run package holding an app and everything it needs, built once and run anywhere.
- Context
The background you give so the model knows the situation, goal and limits of a task.
- Context engineering
Deciding what goes into a model's context window: instructions, files, examples and notes, in the right amount.
- Context window
The maximum number of tokens a model can see in one go.
- Cross-border data transfer
Sending personal data to a party or server outside Indonesia.
- Customer consent
A customer's clear statement that they agree to their data being used for a particular purpose, such as receiving promotions.
D
- Data retention
How long data is kept, and when it is deleted or destroyed.
- Database
Where an app keeps its data in order, so it can be searched, changed and access-controlled.
- Database migration
A numbered script that changes a database schema step by step, run in the same order in every environment.
- Debugging
Finding the cause of an error or wrong behaviour, then proving the fix with a test.
- Delimiter
Opening and closing markers in a prompt that separate material from instructions, such as DATA START and DATA END.
- Dependency
A library or package written by others that your project uses, with its version.
- Deploy and release
A deploy installs a new version on a server; a release is that version once people start using it.
- Diff
The list of lines added, changed or removed between two versions of a file.
- Dummy data
Data made up on purpose for trying or teaching, with no real people, figures or documents.
E
- Embedding
A list of numbers that stands for a text's meaning, so similar texts get nearby numbers.
- Endpoint
An address on a server that an app calls for one kind of request.
- Environment variable
A setting given to an app from outside the code, such as a database address or a feature flag.
- Error
A sign that a program failed to do something, usually with a message that points at the cause.
- Evaluation
A measured way to judge whether AI output is good enough for its task.
- Examples in a prompt
One or more sample inputs and outputs placed in a prompt so the model copies the pattern.
- Execution trace
An ordered record of every agent step: messages, tool calls, inputs, results, errors and cost.
- Exempt information
Kinds of information not opened to requesters under Article 17 of the Public Information Disclosure Law.
- Exit code
The number a command reports when it ends: usually 0 means success, anything else means failure.
F
- Feature flag
A setting that turns a feature on or off without releasing new code.
- Figure verification
A routine for checking figures: recompute, cross-foot and compare with the source.
- Fine-tuning
Further training of an existing model on specific examples so it behaves better for a given task.
- Framework
A ready-made structure that sets how an app is organised, so you only fill in your part.
G
- Guardrail
A limit placed around an AI or agent so its mistakes cannot cause damage.
H
- Hallucination
Model output that sounds convincing but is false or has no basis.
- Health data
Data and information about a person's health; under the PDP Law it is specific personal data.
- Heartbeat
A periodic signal a process sends to show it is still running.
- Human in the loop
The principle that important AI decisions must be checked and approved by a person.
I
- Idempotency key
A unique marker for one request, so a repeated request is not carried out or charged twice.
- Incident write-up (postmortem)
A write-up after something went wrong: what happened, its impact, its cause, and the guardrail added.
L
- Large language model
A program trained on a very large amount of text to predict how text continues.
- Lawful basis for processing
The lawful reason that allows personal data to be processed under the PDP Law.
- Least privilege
The principle of giving an agent or a person only the permissions their task needs, no more.
- Log
Records a program writes as it runs: what happened, when, and with what result.
M
- Machine learning
A way of making programs learn patterns from example data, instead of writing every rule by hand.
- MCP
An open protocol that standardises how AI apps connect to tools and data sources.
- Medical record
A document holding a patient's identity, examinations, treatment, procedures and other services given to them.
- Memory
A feature that makes an AI app remember things about you beyond one conversation.
- Merge
Combining the changes of one branch into another, usually into the main branch.
- Metering
Recording every paid AI use, per user or per feature, so costs can be capped.
- Mock
A fake stand-in for a service or data in a test, so the test is fast and leaves real systems alone.
- Model bias
A model's tendency to produce output that is unfair or skewed for certain groups of people.
- Model provider
The company that runs an AI model and sells access to it, through an app or an API.
- Model training
The process of shaping a model from large amounts of data before it is used.
- Multimodal
A model that can work with more than one kind of input, such as text, images and audio.
O
- Operations data
Data born from daily work: deliveries, trips, stock, schedules and invoices.
- Outlier
A figure far from the rest of the data's pattern, such as a delivery cost ten times the usual.
- Output limit
The maximum number of tokens a model may write in one answer.
P
- Package manager
The tool that installs, updates and pins your project's dependencies.
- Patch
A small change that fixes a bug or closes a vulnerability in a version already running.
- PDP Law
Indonesia's Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection.
- Personal data
Data about a person who is identified or can be identified.
- Pipeline (CI/CD)
A chain of automatic steps that runs the build, tests and deploy on every change.
- Plain language
Writing so readers can find, understand and use information in one reading.
- Production and staging
Production is the version real people use; staging is a copy for trying things before they go there.
- Progress ledger
A written file where an agent programme records each step, decision and status.
- Project (workspace)
A space in an AI app that keeps instructions, files and conversations for one piece of work together.
- Prompt
The instruction you write for an AI: what you want, for whom, from which material.
- Prompt injection
An attack in which text slips in orders to steer a model off course.
- Prompt Library
A collection of tested, ready-to-use prompts with placeholders you fill in.
- Prototype
A rough version of a tool or page, made quickly to test with users before serious building.
- Pseudonymisation
Replacing direct identifiers such as names with codes; the data can still be traced back to the person.
- Public information
Information produced, stored or managed by a public body and open to requesters, except what is exempt.
- Push
Sending commits from your laptop to the shared repository, so other people and automated systems can see them.
Q
- Query
A request to a database to read, add, change or delete data.
R
- RAG
A way to give a model relevant document passages before it answers, so the answer rests on sources.
- Reasoning model
A model that writes hidden thinking steps before giving its final answer.
- Reconciliation
Matching two records of the same transactions, then explaining every difference.
- Repository
A project folder whose change history is tracked by git, on your laptop or on a shared server.
- Rollback
Going back to the version that last worked after a new release goes wrong.
- Runbook
A record of tested operating steps, written so someone else can repeat them safely.
- Runtime
The environment that runs your code, with its version, such as the Node or Python version on a server.
S
- Sandbox
A separate workspace where an agent may get things wrong without touching data or systems people use.
- Schema
A database's structure: tables, columns, data types and the rules that bind them.
- SDK
A set of libraries and tools from a provider for calling its service from your code.
- Secret
A password, access token or API key: anything that grants access and must not be seen by others.
- Security vulnerability
A flaw in software that someone else can use to do something they should not be able to do.
- Server
A computer that runs an app or service and answers requests from other computers.
- Source citation
A pointer to the document a claim comes from, so people can check it.
- Spec
A short write-up of what is built, for whom, what is out of scope, and when it counts as done.
- Spreadsheet
A table file of rows, columns and formulas, like a workbook in a spreadsheet app.
- Subagent
An agent started by another agent for one part of a task, with its own context and permissions.
- System instructions
Standing instructions that apply to a whole conversation, outside the user's messages.
T
- Talent pool
A list of candidates not hired now but kept, with consent, for future openings.
- Temperature
A setting that controls how random the model's word choices are.
- Terminal and CLI
The window where you type commands to the computer; a CLI is a program run from there.
- Test set
A fixed set of examples with expected answers, for testing a prompt or model again and again.
- Test-first
Writing the test before the code, then watching it fail for the right reason.
- Token
A piece of text a model reads and writes, usually part of a word.
- Tool use
A model's ability to ask an app to run a given function, such as a search or a calculation.
- Type check
An automatic check that the data your code uses matches its declared types, before the program runs.
V
- Version control
A system that records every change to a project's files, who made it and why, so changes can be compared and undone.
