InfraLoka AcademyPathwayAI
PathwayAI

InfraLoka Academy

Kamus AI

The AI terms our lessons use, in plain words, with the lessons where each one comes up.

126 terms

Term of the day

Personal data

Data about a person who is identified or can be identified.

A

  • Academic integrity

    Honesty about who did what in learning work, including the parts AI helped with.

  • Acceptance criteria

    Checkable conditions for calling a feature done.

  • Agent hook

    Your own code that runs automatically at set points in an agent loop, for example before a tool is used.

  • Agent loop

    An agent's repeating cycle: the model picks a step, the app runs a tool, the result goes back to the model.

  • Agent skill

    A packaged procedure (instructions, examples, scripts) that an agent loads only when the task fits.

  • AI agent

    A model that can use tools and take several steps on its own to reach a goal.

  • Allowlist

    A closed list of actions or commands that may run; anything not listed is refused.

  • Anonymisation

    Processing data until there is no reasonable way left to identify the person.

  • API

    The door a service provides so other programs can call it under clear rules.

  • API key

    A secret that proves a program may use a service, usually tied to a bill.

  • Assessment rubric

    A list of criteria and performance levels used to assess work consistently.

  • Audit log

    A lasting record of who did what, when, to which data.

  • Automated decision

    A decision about a person taken by a system without meaningful human involvement.

  • Automated test

    A small piece of code that runs part of an app and checks the result itself, every time it runs.

  • Automation

    Making repeated work run by itself without a person handling it each time.

B

  • Branch

    A separate line of work in a repository: its changes do not touch the main version until merged.

  • Build

    The step that turns code into a ready-to-run app, catching many mistakes on the way.

C

  • Cache

    A temporary copy of a result, kept so the next request is faster.

  • Chat and AI assistants

    A conversation with AI through an assistant app: you write, the AI answers, and the conversation can go on.

  • Checklist

    A list of steps or conditions ticked off one by one before work counts as done.

  • Children's data

    Personal data about a child; the PDP Law classes it as specific personal data.

  • Code review

    Reading a code change before it is merged, to catch mistakes, gaps and unproven claims.

  • Coding agent

    An AI agent that reads, writes and runs code in a repository, beyond suggesting snippets.

  • Commit

    One set of changes saved to the git history, with a message that explains why.

  • Compaction

    Summarising a long conversation to fit the context window, at the risk of losing important details.

  • Connector

    A link that gives an AI app access to another service, such as email, a calendar or file storage.

  • Container image

    A ready-to-run package holding an app and everything it needs, built once and run anywhere.

  • Context

    The background you give so the model knows the situation, goal and limits of a task.

  • Context engineering

    Deciding what goes into a model's context window: instructions, files, examples and notes, in the right amount.

  • Context window

    The maximum number of tokens a model can see in one go.

  • Cross-border data transfer

    Sending personal data to a party or server outside Indonesia.

  • Customer consent

    A customer's clear statement that they agree to their data being used for a particular purpose, such as receiving promotions.

D

  • Data retention

    How long data is kept, and when it is deleted or destroyed.

  • Database

    Where an app keeps its data in order, so it can be searched, changed and access-controlled.

  • Database migration

    A numbered script that changes a database schema step by step, run in the same order in every environment.

  • Debugging

    Finding the cause of an error or wrong behaviour, then proving the fix with a test.

  • Delimiter

    Opening and closing markers in a prompt that separate material from instructions, such as DATA START and DATA END.

  • Dependency

    A library or package written by others that your project uses, with its version.

  • Deploy and release

    A deploy installs a new version on a server; a release is that version once people start using it.

  • Diff

    The list of lines added, changed or removed between two versions of a file.

  • Dummy data

    Data made up on purpose for trying or teaching, with no real people, figures or documents.

E

  • Embedding

    A list of numbers that stands for a text's meaning, so similar texts get nearby numbers.

  • Endpoint

    An address on a server that an app calls for one kind of request.

  • Environment variable

    A setting given to an app from outside the code, such as a database address or a feature flag.

  • Error

    A sign that a program failed to do something, usually with a message that points at the cause.

  • Evaluation

    A measured way to judge whether AI output is good enough for its task.

  • Examples in a prompt

    One or more sample inputs and outputs placed in a prompt so the model copies the pattern.

  • Execution trace

    An ordered record of every agent step: messages, tool calls, inputs, results, errors and cost.

  • Exempt information

    Kinds of information not opened to requesters under Article 17 of the Public Information Disclosure Law.

  • Exit code

    The number a command reports when it ends: usually 0 means success, anything else means failure.

F

  • Feature flag

    A setting that turns a feature on or off without releasing new code.

  • Figure verification

    A routine for checking figures: recompute, cross-foot and compare with the source.

  • Fine-tuning

    Further training of an existing model on specific examples so it behaves better for a given task.

  • Framework

    A ready-made structure that sets how an app is organised, so you only fill in your part.

G

  • Guardrail

    A limit placed around an AI or agent so its mistakes cannot cause damage.

H

  • Hallucination

    Model output that sounds convincing but is false or has no basis.

  • Health data

    Data and information about a person's health; under the PDP Law it is specific personal data.

  • Heartbeat

    A periodic signal a process sends to show it is still running.

  • Human in the loop

    The principle that important AI decisions must be checked and approved by a person.

I

  • Idempotency key

    A unique marker for one request, so a repeated request is not carried out or charged twice.

  • Incident write-up (postmortem)

    A write-up after something went wrong: what happened, its impact, its cause, and the guardrail added.

L

  • Large language model

    A program trained on a very large amount of text to predict how text continues.

  • Lawful basis for processing

    The lawful reason that allows personal data to be processed under the PDP Law.

  • Least privilege

    The principle of giving an agent or a person only the permissions their task needs, no more.

  • Log

    Records a program writes as it runs: what happened, when, and with what result.

M

  • Machine learning

    A way of making programs learn patterns from example data, instead of writing every rule by hand.

  • MCP

    An open protocol that standardises how AI apps connect to tools and data sources.

  • Medical record

    A document holding a patient's identity, examinations, treatment, procedures and other services given to them.

  • Memory

    A feature that makes an AI app remember things about you beyond one conversation.

  • Merge

    Combining the changes of one branch into another, usually into the main branch.

  • Metering

    Recording every paid AI use, per user or per feature, so costs can be capped.

  • Mock

    A fake stand-in for a service or data in a test, so the test is fast and leaves real systems alone.

  • Model bias

    A model's tendency to produce output that is unfair or skewed for certain groups of people.

  • Model provider

    The company that runs an AI model and sells access to it, through an app or an API.

  • Model training

    The process of shaping a model from large amounts of data before it is used.

  • Multimodal

    A model that can work with more than one kind of input, such as text, images and audio.

O

  • Operations data

    Data born from daily work: deliveries, trips, stock, schedules and invoices.

  • Outlier

    A figure far from the rest of the data's pattern, such as a delivery cost ten times the usual.

  • Output limit

    The maximum number of tokens a model may write in one answer.

P

  • Package manager

    The tool that installs, updates and pins your project's dependencies.

  • Patch

    A small change that fixes a bug or closes a vulnerability in a version already running.

  • PDP Law

    Indonesia's Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection.

  • Personal data

    Data about a person who is identified or can be identified.

  • Pipeline (CI/CD)

    A chain of automatic steps that runs the build, tests and deploy on every change.

  • Plain language

    Writing so readers can find, understand and use information in one reading.

  • Production and staging

    Production is the version real people use; staging is a copy for trying things before they go there.

  • Progress ledger

    A written file where an agent programme records each step, decision and status.

  • Project (workspace)

    A space in an AI app that keeps instructions, files and conversations for one piece of work together.

  • Prompt

    The instruction you write for an AI: what you want, for whom, from which material.

  • Prompt injection

    An attack in which text slips in orders to steer a model off course.

  • Prompt Library

    A collection of tested, ready-to-use prompts with placeholders you fill in.

  • Prototype

    A rough version of a tool or page, made quickly to test with users before serious building.

  • Pseudonymisation

    Replacing direct identifiers such as names with codes; the data can still be traced back to the person.

  • Public information

    Information produced, stored or managed by a public body and open to requesters, except what is exempt.

  • Push

    Sending commits from your laptop to the shared repository, so other people and automated systems can see them.

Q

  • Query

    A request to a database to read, add, change or delete data.

R

  • RAG

    A way to give a model relevant document passages before it answers, so the answer rests on sources.

  • Reasoning model

    A model that writes hidden thinking steps before giving its final answer.

  • Reconciliation

    Matching two records of the same transactions, then explaining every difference.

  • Repository

    A project folder whose change history is tracked by git, on your laptop or on a shared server.

  • Rollback

    Going back to the version that last worked after a new release goes wrong.

  • Runbook

    A record of tested operating steps, written so someone else can repeat them safely.

  • Runtime

    The environment that runs your code, with its version, such as the Node or Python version on a server.

S

  • Sandbox

    A separate workspace where an agent may get things wrong without touching data or systems people use.

  • Schema

    A database's structure: tables, columns, data types and the rules that bind them.

  • SDK

    A set of libraries and tools from a provider for calling its service from your code.

  • Secret

    A password, access token or API key: anything that grants access and must not be seen by others.

  • Security vulnerability

    A flaw in software that someone else can use to do something they should not be able to do.

  • Server

    A computer that runs an app or service and answers requests from other computers.

  • Source citation

    A pointer to the document a claim comes from, so people can check it.

  • Spec

    A short write-up of what is built, for whom, what is out of scope, and when it counts as done.

  • Spreadsheet

    A table file of rows, columns and formulas, like a workbook in a spreadsheet app.

  • Subagent

    An agent started by another agent for one part of a task, with its own context and permissions.

  • System instructions

    Standing instructions that apply to a whole conversation, outside the user's messages.

T

  • Talent pool

    A list of candidates not hired now but kept, with consent, for future openings.

  • Temperature

    A setting that controls how random the model's word choices are.

  • Terminal and CLI

    The window where you type commands to the computer; a CLI is a program run from there.

  • Test set

    A fixed set of examples with expected answers, for testing a prompt or model again and again.

  • Test-first

    Writing the test before the code, then watching it fail for the right reason.

  • Token

    A piece of text a model reads and writes, usually part of a word.

  • Tool use

    A model's ability to ask an app to run a given function, such as a search or a calculation.

  • Type check

    An automatic check that the data your code uses matches its declared types, before the program runs.

V

  • Version control

    A system that records every change to a project's files, who made it and why, so changes can be compared and undone.

W

  • Worker

    A process running behind the app to handle queued jobs, such as sending email or calling AI.

  • Workflow

    A fixed sequence of steps, some done by AI, in an order the AI does not change on its own.

  • Worktree

    An extra working copy of one git repository, with its own branch, in a separate folder.